2nd Assignment

1. The Function of TO BE (present tense) :

To Be used functions as a liaison between the subject and predicate. To be able to change-ubahsesuai with the subject. 

2. The Form of TO BE :

a. Positive : you are student , she is clever , he is hansome
b. Negative : you aren't student , she isn't clever , he isn't hansome
c. Interrogative : are you student ?, is she clever ?, is he hansome ?  

3.The Uses and Forms of Personal Pronouns and Possesive Adjective :  

Personal Pronouns : represent specific people or things.
We use them depending on:

• number: singular (eg: I) or plural (eg: we)
• person: 1st person (eg: I), 2nd person (eg: you) or 3rd person (eg: he)
• gender: male (eg: he), female (eg: she) or neuter (eg: it)
• case: subject (eg: we) or object (eg: us)

We use personal pronouns in place of the person or people that we are talking about. My name is Josef but when I am talking about myself I almost always use "I" or "me", not "Josef". When I am talking direct to you, I almost always use "you", not your name. When I am talking about another person, say John, I may start with "John" but then use "he" or "him". And so on.
Here are the personal pronouns, followed by some example sentences:

number	person	gender	personal pronouns
			subject	object
singular	1st	male/female	I	me
	2nd	male/female	you	you
	3rd	male	he	him
		female	she	her
		neuter	it	it
plural	1st	male/female	we	us
	2nd	male/female	you	you
	3rd	male/female/neuter	they	them

Examples (in each case, the first example shows a subject pronoun, the second an object pronoun):

• I like coffee.
• John helped me.
  
• Do you like coffee?
• John loves you.
  
• He runs fast.
• Did Ram beat him?
  
• She is clever.
• Does Mary know her?
  
• It doesn't work.
• Can the engineer repair it?
  
• We went home.
• Anthony drove us.
  
• Do you need a table for three?
• Did John and Mary beat you at doubles?
  
• They played doubles.
• John and Mary beat them.

When we are talking about a single thing, we almost always use it. However, there are a few exceptions. We may sometimes refer to an animal as he/him or she/her, especially if the animal is domesticated or a pet. Ships (and some other vessels or vehicles) as well as some countries are often treated as female and referred to as she/her. Here are some examples:

• This is our dog Rusty. He's an Alsation.
• The Titanic was a great ship but she sank on her first voyage.
• My first car was a Mini and I treated her like my wife.
• Thailand has now opened her border with Cambodia.

For a single person, sometimes we don't know whether to use he or she. There are several solutions to this:

• If a teacher needs help, he or she should see the principal.
• If a teacher needs help, he should see the principal.
• If a teacher needs help, they should see the principal.

We often use it to introduce a remark:

• It is nice to have a holiday sometimes.
• It is important to dress well.
• It's difficult to find a job.
• Is it normal to see them together?
• It didn't take long to walk here.

We also often use it to talk about the weather, temperature, time and distance:

• It's raining.
• It will probably be hot tomorrow.
• Is it nine o'clock yet?
• It's 50 kilometres from here to Cambridge. 

 Possesive Adjective : also known as possessive determiners, are a part of speech that modifies a noun by attributing possession (or other sense of belonging) to someone or something. In english, the words my, your and her are examples.
Possessive adjectives/determiners can eliminate repetition in a sentence by replacing a   determiner phrase (or in other analyses, a noun pharase). They allow us, for example, to say the girl took off her glasses instead of the girl took off the girl's glasses.

Forms

Possessive adjectives commonly have similar forms to personal pronouns. In addition, they have correspondingc possessive pronouns, which are also phonetically similar. The following chart shows the English, Gers\man, and French personal pronouns, possessive adjectives, and possessive pronouns (masculine nominative singular only).

Possessor			English			German			French
			Pers. pron. (obj)	Poss. adj.	Poss. pron.	Pers. pron. (gen)	Poss. adj.	Poss. pron.	Pers. pron. (dat)	Poss. adj.	Poss. pron.
Singular	1st		me	my	mine	meiner	mein	meiner	me	mon	le mien
	2nd		you	your	yours	deiner	dein	deiner	te	ton	le tien
	3rd	masc.	him	his	his	seiner	sein	seiner	lui	son	le sien
		fem.	her	her	hers	ihrer	ihr	ihrer
		neut.	it	its	(its)	seiner	sein	seiner
Plural	1st		us	our	ours	unser	unser	unserer	nous	notre	le nôtre
	2nd		you	your	yours	euer	euer	eurer	vous	votre	le vôtre
	3rd		them	their	theirs	ihrer	ihr	ihrer	leur	leur	le leur

4. The Uses and Forms of Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstratives are deictic words (they depend on an external frame of reference) that indicate which entities a speaker refers to and distinguishes those entities from others. Demonstratives are employed for spatial deixis (using the context of the physical surroundings of the speaker and sometimes the listener) and for discourse deixis (including abstract concepts) where the meaning is dependent on something other than the relative physical location of the speaker, for example whether something is currently been said or was said earlier.

The demonstratives in English are this, that, these, those, yonder, and the archaic yon, possibly followed by one(s) in the case of pronouns, as explained below.